Final Essay

It gets a little off topic, but is answers the question and shows knowledge of the subject. I’m just glad i got it done world-history-final-essay

# 4 on page 416, # 2 on page 421

pg. 416

4. a. With the growth of Chinese cities came more trade within Chinese borders. Though the cities grew, most of Chinas people  still lived in the counrtyside.They increased the amount of land used for farming.

b. They probably didn’t want to interact with foreigners too much because they didn’t want the influence and they most certainly didn’t want to be conquered. Due to the fact that they wanted little interaction with foreigners, the merchants had low status when it came to their social class.

pg. 421

2. Opium War-A conflict between China and Britain that started because the Chinese kept selling goods such as silk, china, and tea to the British and the only thing the Chinese would buy from them was opium. so they sold opium to the Chinese.

Treaty of Nanjing- China gave the island of Hong Kong to the British and opened five ports to British trade.

Taiping Rebellion- Lasted from 1850 to 1864 and caused terrible destruction in southern China and the Yangtze valley.

questions 1 and 3 on page 681

1. Meiji Restoration-When a group of samurai overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate then they returned they returned the emperor to power.

Diet-The new constitution also created a two-house national assembly.

Sino-Japanese War- Started when both Japan and China sent armed forces to korea.

Treay of Shimonoseki- Ended the Sino-Japanese War.

Mongkut- Ascended to power in 1851 and was particularly at diplomacy.

Liliuokalani- Hawaii’s queen who did not want foreigners ruling Hawaii.

Emilio Aguinaldo- Led the Filipinos in a fight for independance.

3. a. The British affected Indian rule in a positive way.  They ruled actively and put them selves above Indian society. They kept public order and ended local wars. They built bridges, roads, and railroads. They also established factories, hospitals, and schools, and tried to improve Indian farming methods.

b. The Japanese were able to reform and industrialized so quickly because of the action the samurai took by telling the government they needed to make changes.  The government started to bring new factory machines and pass laws in which encouraged private citizens in starting businesses.

c. The difference in the expansion in Hawaii and the Philippines was that the people just arrived in Hawaii and started pineapple and sugarcane plantations where as in the Philippines they had to fight in wars.

pg.558 #1 & pg.563 #1&2

pg. 558 #1

1. Capitalism- An economic system in which individuals or corporations, rather than governments, control the factors of production.

Commercial Capitalism- When most capitalists are merchants who bought and sold goods.

Industrial capitalism- When capitalist become more involved in producing and manufacturing goods.

Interchangeable parts- When unskilled workers could turn out identical.

mass production- The system of producing large numbers of identical items.

Corporations- business groups allowing people to buy stock in their companies.

Monopoly- When a corporation gained almost complete control of the production of sale of a single food of service.

Cartels- Combined control over every stage of entire industries.

Business Cycle- Alternating periods of prosperity and decline.

Depression- when an entire economy sinks.

pg. 563 #’s 1&2

1. Free enterprise- A system in which economic forces worked automatically and naturally.

Laissez-faire- Let it be.

Humanitarians- People who worked to improve the conditions of others.

Strike- When a large group of workers stop working.

Unions- associations that collect dues from members and then use that money to pay workers if they went on strike.

Collective bargaining- Arguments written into contracts lasting for a fixed period of time.

2. Adam Smith- Accepted some of the ideas of the Physiocrats.

Thomas Mathus- An angelic clergyman who became a professor of economics.

David Ricardo- British economic who wrote that working-class poverty is inevitable.

Charles Dickens- Used his novels  to attack greedy employers.

Jeremy Bentham- put forth the theory of utilitarianism.

John Stuart Mill- an English philosopher who believed that a government should work for the good of all its citizens.

Adam Smith Extra Credit

No i do not think that Adam Smith is being fair, but then again at least they have a job. Its true, there really isn’t all that much you can do without making matters worse. It sucks for the factory workers but thats life. they should have gone to college. I wish they didn’t have to do such horrible jobs but they should be happy they have the job. Plus some one has to do the dirty jobs. I don’t think i would give up those things. First of all those are the things i cant live without second of all if i stopped buying them then they would be on the streets and wouldn’t have any job, but i do wish they didn’t have to work in those factories.

pg. 550 1&2

1. Enclosure movement-In the 1500 and 1600′s when common lands in England began to be enclosed into individual plots.

Crop rotation-The planting of different crops in the fields each year.

Industrial Revolution- An era of rapid industrial development.

Factors or production-land, capitol, and labor

mechanization-When you cannot meet the demand so you use machines to increase production.

factory system-workers put in a certain number of hours each day for a fixed pay.

vulcanization- The basis of the modern rubber industry.

2.Jethro Tull-Invented the seed drill

Richard Arkwright-invented the water powered spinning wheel.

Eli Whitney- Inventor of the cotton gin

James watt-invented the modern steam engine.

Henry Bessemer-developed the Bessemer process which is a cheaper and more efficient way of making steel.

Robert Fulton-First to build a profitable steamboat.

Samuel Morse-Invented the Morse code.

636 #’s 2 & 4, 642 # 4

1.Carbonari- nationalist secret societies.

Giuseppe Mazzini- A famous Carbonari.

Young Italy Movement- A movement dedicated to spreading the ideas of risorgimento.

King Victor Emmanual II- A constitutional monarch which Italians wanted to rule.

Camillo Benso de Cavour- A chief minister, a republican and an Italian patriot.

Napoleon III- A French emperor who wanted to increase French influence and dominate Italy.

Giuseppe Garibaldi-A man devoted led the way to Italian freedom.

4.a.The two events that led to new nationalist movements fro unification in Italy was the Young Italy movement and the war with Australia.

b. Giuseppe Mazzini ,Giuseppe Garibaldi, Cavour, and Napoleon III were important leaders in Italian unification.

c. Sardinia took the lead in Italian unification because they had a strong army and were allied with France.

642 #4

4. a.Napoleon abolished the Holy Roman Empire. Napoleon’s  rule inspire nationalism in German states and German nationalism favored Prussia over Australia.  Most of the people in  Prussia were German.  Germany ruled Austria but they had people from other nationalities there. After Prussia gains at the Congress of Vienna Austria’s focus moved toward Italy and Balkans.

b. Italian unification happened when the people joined together and fought Austria for their independance. German independance happened when Germany mada a constitution that Austria and Germany didn’t like so they were like yo, Germany, this means war!Germany waved a white t-shirt and Prussia got the land they wanted. Later, Germany used new technology and said hay austria look what i got, you wanna hag out?  then Bismark told the southern independant states of Germany to join the confederation and they did so now they lived happily ever after, or until the next war…

c. The makeup of the German government after the unification was a federal council made of 58 appointed members and a lower house which had about 400 members.  they had an emperor called the kaiser who was the head of the government, or the big guy.

Simon Bolivar’s Quote

I think that when Simon Bolivar said “We have achieved our independence at the expense of everything else.”he was refering to thier loss of Gran Colombia. He really wanted that. for him loosing Gran Colombia was like loosing everything. So basically he lost everything for independance. He fought manywars and worked extremely hard but in the end all south americans are free, equal, and fraternal, as he wished.

Pg.528 1&2

1. Plebiscite-A procedure where people could only vote es or no and can’t suggest anything

Nationalism- The love of one’s country rather than ones native region

Scorched-earth policy- burning or destroying crops of everyone else the Grand Army might need.

2. Napoleonic Code- System of french law under napolean’s direction

Concordat- An agreement with the pope that recodnized the most french citizen were catholic, but still allowed religious fredom.

Horatio Nelson- Defeated combined french and spanich fleet off the coast of spain.

Duke of Wellington- lead an army sent by the british.

La Marseillaise

The song is basically saying that they have to stay strong, look how far they have gotten. They are going to see victory soon they just have to stay strong. if they give up now they will be sent back to slavery. I think i is the national anthe because in a way it show the current people living there what they went trought to get where they are and how they felt. It sends a message to people to always stay strong and always believe in and fight for your counrty. Do loose or abuse the rights that were fought so hardly for.